【YOLOv5/v7改进系列】引入RT-DETR的RepC3

一、导言

RT-DETR（Real-Time Detection Transformer）是一种针对实时目标检测任务的创新方法，它旨在克服YOLO系列和其他基于Transformer的检测器存在的局限性。RT-DETR的主要优点包括：

无NMS（非极大值抑制）优势：传统的YOLO系列检测器的性能受到NMS过程的负面影响，而RT-DETR利用端到端Transformer架构，消除了对NMS的依赖，从而提高了效率和准确性。
高效混合编码器：设计了一种高效的混合编码器，通过解耦处理多尺度特征的内部尺度交互和跨尺度融合，大大提升了处理速度。这种方法能够快速高效地处理来自不同尺度的信息，同时保持了准确性。
不确定性最小化查询选择：提出了一个创新的查询选择机制，旨在提供高质量的初始查询给解码器，从而提升检测的准确性。这个机制通过显式优化不确定性来避免选择具有低定位置信度的特征作为对象查询，减少了检测结果的不确定性。
灵活的速度调节：RT-DETR支持通过简单调整解码器层数的方式来适应不同场景下的速度需求，无需重新训练模型，为实际应用提供了极大的灵活性。
卓越的性能：在COCO数据集上，RT-DETR-R50和RT-DETR-R101分别达到了53.1%和54.3%的平均精度（AP），同时在T4 GPU上分别实现了108和74的帧每秒（FPS）。这不仅超越了先前的先进YOLO模型，还在速度和准确性上都优于DINO-R50，且在FPS上快约21倍。
预训练增强性能：经过Objects365数据集的预训练后，RT-DETR-R50和RT-DETR-R101的性能进一步提升至55.3%和56.2%的AP，显示了巨大的性能提升潜力。
技术扩展性：RT-DETR及其模型缩放策略拓宽了实时目标检测的技术路径，为多样化实时应用场景提供了超越YOLO的新可能性。

综上，RT-DETR通过其创新的设计，在保证实时性的前提下，实现了速度与准确性的优化，为实时目标检测领域带来了一种新的、性能优越的解决方案。

二、RepC3的特点

RepC3 类

RepC3是基于RepConv构建的一个模块，它是CSP（Cross Stage Partial）结构的一个变体，常用于神经网络的瓶颈层。主要特性包括：

残差连接：类似于ResNet中的残差结构，RepC3通过cv1和cv2路径与中间的多层RepConv模块相加，形成残差连接，有助于梯度传播，加快训练速度，提高模型收敛性。
高效计算：通过多个连续的RepConv模块，以较少的计算资源实现更强的表达能力。每个RepConv模块内部的两个分支在训练时提供多样性，而融合后的结构在推理时保持高效。
通道缩放：引入了膨胀因子e，允许对中间通道数进行动态调整，以平衡模型的深度和宽度，优化模型的计算成本和表示能力。

总结优点

高效推理：通过融合技术和残差结构，RepC3模块在保持高性能的同时，优化了模型的推理速度，特别适合于实时目标检测任务。
灵活性与可扩展性：模块化的设计允许根据需要调整网络的深度和宽度，为不同任务和资源限制提供了高度的定制化能力。
性能与计算效率的平衡：通过精细的结构设计，RepC3能够以较低的计算成本实现较高的检测精度，这对于实时应用至关重要。

三、准备工作

首先在YOLOv5/v7的models文件夹下新建文件repc3.py，导入如下代码

from models.common import *


class RepConv(nn.Module):
    """
    RepConv is a basic rep-style block, including training and deploy status.

    This module is used in RT-DETR.
    Based on https://github.com/DingXiaoH/RepVGG/blob/main/repvgg.py
    """
    default_act = nn.SiLU()  # default activation

    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=3, s=1, p=1, g=1, d=1, act=True, bn=False, deploy=False):
        """Initializes Light Convolution layer with inputs, outputs & optional activation function."""
        super().__init__()
        assert k == 3 and p == 1
        self.g = g
        self.c1 = c1
        self.c2 = c2
        self.act = self.default_act if act is True else act if isinstance(act, nn.Module) else nn.Identity()

        self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(num_features=c1) if bn and c2 == c1 and s == 1 else None
        self.conv1 = Conv(c1, c2, k, s, p=p, g=g, act=False)
        self.conv2 = Conv(c1, c2, 1, s, p=(p - k // 2), g=g, act=False)

    def forward_fuse(self, x):
        """Forward process."""
        return self.act(self.conv(x))

    def forward(self, x):
        """Forward process."""
        id_out = 0 if self.bn is None else self.bn(x)
        return self.act(self.conv1(x) + self.conv2(x) + id_out)

    def get_equivalent_kernel_bias(self):
        """Returns equivalent kernel and bias by adding 3x3 kernel, 1x1 kernel and identity kernel with their biases."""
        kernel3x3, bias3x3 = self._fuse_bn_tensor(self.conv1)
        kernel1x1, bias1x1 = self._fuse_bn_tensor(self.conv2)
        kernelid, biasid = self._fuse_bn_tensor(self.bn)
        return kernel3x3 + self._pad_1x1_to_3x3_tensor(kernel1x1) + kernelid, bias3x3 + bias1x1 + biasid

    def _pad_1x1_to_3x3_tensor(self, kernel1x1):
        """Pads a 1x1 tensor to a 3x3 tensor."""
        if kernel1x1 is None:
            return 0
        else:
            return torch.nn.functional.pad(kernel1x1, [1, 1, 1, 1])

    def _fuse_bn_tensor(self, branch):
        """Generates appropriate kernels and biases for convolution by fusing branches of the neural network."""
        if branch is None:
            return 0, 0
        if isinstance(branch, Conv):
            kernel = branch.conv.weight
            running_mean = branch.bn.running_mean
            running_var = branch.bn.running_var
            gamma = branch.bn.weight
            beta = branch.bn.bias
            eps = branch.bn.eps
        elif isinstance(branch, nn.BatchNorm2d):
            if not hasattr(self, 'id_tensor'):
                input_dim = self.c1 // self.g
                kernel_value = np.zeros((self.c1, input_dim, 3, 3), dtype=np.float32)
                for i in range(self.c1):
                    kernel_value[i, i % input_dim, 1, 1] = 1
                self.id_tensor = torch.from_numpy(kernel_value).to(branch.weight.device)
            kernel = self.id_tensor
            running_mean = branch.running_mean
            running_var = branch.running_var
            gamma = branch.weight
            beta = branch.bias
            eps = branch.eps
        std = (running_var + eps).sqrt()
        t = (gamma / std).reshape(-1, 1, 1, 1)
        return kernel * t, beta - running_mean * gamma / std

    def fuse_convs(self):
        """Combines two convolution layers into a single layer and removes unused attributes from the class."""
        if hasattr(self, 'conv'):
            return
        kernel, bias = self.get_equivalent_kernel_bias()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=self.conv1.conv.in_channels,
                              out_channels=self.conv1.conv.out_channels,
                              kernel_size=self.conv1.conv.kernel_size,
                              stride=self.conv1.conv.stride,
                              padding=self.conv1.conv.padding,
                              dilation=self.conv1.conv.dilation,
                              groups=self.conv1.conv.groups,
                              bias=True).requires_grad_(False)
        self.conv.weight.data = kernel
        self.conv.bias.data = bias
        for para in self.parameters():
            para.detach_()
        self.__delattr__('conv1')
        self.__delattr__('conv2')
        if hasattr(self, 'nm'):
            self.__delattr__('nm')
        if hasattr(self, 'bn'):
            self.__delattr__('bn')
        if hasattr(self, 'id_tensor'):
            self.__delattr__('id_tensor')


class RepC3(nn.Module):
    """Rep C3."""

    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=3, e=1.0):
        """Initialize CSP Bottleneck with a single convolution using input channels, output channels, and number."""
        super().__init__()
        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.m = nn.Sequential(*[RepConv(c_, c_) for _ in range(n)])
        self.cv3 = Conv(c_, c2, 1, 1) if c_ != c2 else nn.Identity()

    def forward(self, x):
        """Forward pass of RT-DETR neck layer."""
        return self.cv3(self.m(self.cv1(x)) + self.cv2(x))

其次在在YOLOv5/v7项目文件下的models/yolo.py中在文件首部添加代码

from models.repc3 import RepC3

并搜索def parse_model(d, ch)

定位到如下行添加以下代码

RepC3,

四、YOLOv7-tiny改进工作

完成二后，在YOLOv7项目文件下的models文件夹下创建新的文件yolov7-tiny-repc3.yaml，导入如下代码。

# parameters
nc: 80  # number of classes
depth_multiple: 1.0  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.0  # layer channel multiple

# anchors
anchors:
  - [10,13, 16,30, 33,23]  # P3/8
  - [30,61, 62,45, 59,119]  # P4/16
  - [116,90, 156,198, 373,326]  # P5/32

# yolov7-tiny backbone
backbone:
  # [from, number, module, args] c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, act=True
  [[-1, 1, Conv, [32, 3, 2, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],  # 0-P1/2
  
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],  # 1-P2/4
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [32, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [32, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [32, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [32, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [[-1, -2, -3, -4], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],  # 7
   
   [-1, 1, MP, []],  # 8-P3/8
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [64, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [[-1, -2, -3, -4], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],  # 14
   
   [-1, 1, MP, []],  # 15-P4/16
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [[-1, -2, -3, -4], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],  # 21
   
   [-1, 1, MP, []],  # 22-P5/32
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [[-1, -2, -3, -4], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],  # 28
  ]

# yolov7-tiny head
head:
  [[-1, 1, v7tiny_SPP, [256]], # 29
  
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [21, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]], # route backbone P4
   [[-1, -2], 1, Concat, [1]],
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [64, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [[-1, -2, -3, -4], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],  # 39
  
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [14, 1, Conv, [64, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]], # route backbone P3
   [[-1, -2], 1, Concat, [1]],
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [32, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [32, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [32, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [32, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [[-1, -2, -3, -4], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],  # 49
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [[-1, 39], 1, Concat, [1]],
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [64, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [[-1, -2, -3, -4], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],  # 57
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [[-1, 29], 1, Concat, [1]],
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [[-1, -2, -3, -4], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 3, RepC3, [256, 0.5]], # 65
      
   [49, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [57, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],
   [65, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 1, None, 1, nn.LeakyReLU(0.1)]],

   [[66, 67, 68], 1, IDetect, [nc, anchors]],   # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
  ]


                 from  n    params  module                                  arguments                     
  0                -1  1       928  models.common.Conv                      [3, 32, 3, 2, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
  1                -1  1     18560  models.common.Conv                      [32, 64, 3, 2, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
  2                -1  1      2112  models.common.Conv                      [64, 32, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
  3                -2  1      2112  models.common.Conv                      [64, 32, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
  4                -1  1      9280  models.common.Conv                      [32, 32, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
  5                -1  1      9280  models.common.Conv                      [32, 32, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
  6  [-1, -2, -3, -4]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
  7                -1  1      8320  models.common.Conv                      [128, 64, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
  8                -1  1         0  models.common.MP                        []                            
  9                -1  1      4224  models.common.Conv                      [64, 64, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 10                -2  1      4224  models.common.Conv                      [64, 64, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 11                -1  1     36992  models.common.Conv                      [64, 64, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 12                -1  1     36992  models.common.Conv                      [64, 64, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 13  [-1, -2, -3, -4]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 14                -1  1     33024  models.common.Conv                      [256, 128, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 15                -1  1         0  models.common.MP                        []                            
 16                -1  1     16640  models.common.Conv                      [128, 128, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 17                -2  1     16640  models.common.Conv                      [128, 128, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 18                -1  1    147712  models.common.Conv                      [128, 128, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 19                -1  1    147712  models.common.Conv                      [128, 128, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 20  [-1, -2, -3, -4]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 21                -1  1    131584  models.common.Conv                      [512, 256, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 22                -1  1         0  models.common.MP                        []                            
 23                -1  1     66048  models.common.Conv                      [256, 256, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 24                -2  1     66048  models.common.Conv                      [256, 256, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 25                -1  1    590336  models.common.Conv                      [256, 256, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 26                -1  1    590336  models.common.Conv                      [256, 256, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 27  [-1, -2, -3, -4]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 28                -1  1    525312  models.common.Conv                      [1024, 512, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 29                -1  1    657408  models.common.v7tiny_SPP                [512, 256]                    
 30                -1  1     33024  models.common.Conv                      [256, 128, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 31                -1  1         0  torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample    [None, 2, 'nearest']          
 32                21  1     33024  models.common.Conv                      [256, 128, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 33          [-1, -2]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 34                -1  1     16512  models.common.Conv                      [256, 64, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 35                -2  1     16512  models.common.Conv                      [256, 64, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 36                -1  1     36992  models.common.Conv                      [64, 64, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 37                -1  1     36992  models.common.Conv                      [64, 64, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 38  [-1, -2, -3, -4]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 39                -1  1     33024  models.common.Conv                      [256, 128, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 40                -1  1      8320  models.common.Conv                      [128, 64, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 41                -1  1         0  torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample    [None, 2, 'nearest']          
 42                14  1      8320  models.common.Conv                      [128, 64, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 43          [-1, -2]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 44                -1  1      4160  models.common.Conv                      [128, 32, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 45                -2  1      4160  models.common.Conv                      [128, 32, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 46                -1  1      9280  models.common.Conv                      [32, 32, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 47                -1  1      9280  models.common.Conv                      [32, 32, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 48  [-1, -2, -3, -4]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 49                -1  1      8320  models.common.Conv                      [128, 64, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 50                -1  1     73984  models.common.Conv                      [64, 128, 3, 2, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 51          [-1, 39]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 52                -1  1     16512  models.common.Conv                      [256, 64, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 53                -2  1     16512  models.common.Conv                      [256, 64, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 54                -1  1     36992  models.common.Conv                      [64, 64, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 55                -1  1     36992  models.common.Conv                      [64, 64, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 56  [-1, -2, -3, -4]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 57                -1  1     33024  models.common.Conv                      [256, 128, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 58                -1  1    295424  models.common.Conv                      [128, 256, 3, 2, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 59          [-1, 29]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 60                -1  1     65792  models.common.Conv                      [512, 128, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 61                -2  1     65792  models.common.Conv                      [512, 128, 1, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 62                -1  1    147712  models.common.Conv                      [128, 128, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 63                -1  1    147712  models.common.Conv                      [128, 128, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 64  [-1, -2, -3, -4]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 65                -1  1    657920  models.repc3.RepC3                      [512, 256, 3, 0.5]            
 66                49  1     73984  models.common.Conv                      [64, 128, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 67                57  1    295424  models.common.Conv                      [128, 256, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 68                65  1   1180672  models.common.Conv                      [256, 512, 3, 1, None, 1, LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)]
 69      [66, 67, 68]  1     17132  models.yolo.IDetect                     [1, [[10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23], [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119], [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326]], [128, 256, 512]]

Model Summary: 298 layers, 6541324 parameters, 6541324 gradients, 13.6 GFLOPS

运行后若打印出如上文本代表改进成功。

五、YOLOv5s改进工作

完成二后，在YOLOv5项目文件下的models文件夹下创建新的文件yolov5s-repc3.yaml，导入如下代码。

# Parameters
nc: 80  # number of classes
depth_multiple: 0.33  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.50  # layer channel multiple
anchors:
  - [10,13, 16,30, 33,23]  # P3/8
  - [30,61, 62,45, 59,119]  # P4/16
  - [116,90, 156,198, 373,326]  # P5/32

# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
backbone:
  # [from, number, module, args]
  [[-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]],  # 0-P1/2
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],  # 1-P2/4
   [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],  # 3-P3/8
   [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],  # 5-P4/16
   [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]],  # 7-P5/32
   [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
   [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]],  # 9
  ]

# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
head:
  [[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat backbone P4
   [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]],  # 13

   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat backbone P3
   [-1, 3, RepC3, [256, 0.5]],  # 17 (P3/8-small)

   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat head P4
   [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]],  # 20 (P4/16-medium)

   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat head P5
   [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]],  # 23 (P5/32-large)

   [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]],  # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
  ]


                 from  n    params  module                                  arguments                     
  0                -1  1      3520  models.common.Conv                      [3, 32, 6, 2, 2]              
  1                -1  1     18560  models.common.Conv                      [32, 64, 3, 2]                
  2                -1  1     18816  models.common.C3                        [64, 64, 1]                   
  3                -1  1     73984  models.common.Conv                      [64, 128, 3, 2]               
  4                -1  2    115712  models.common.C3                        [128, 128, 2]                 
  5                -1  1    295424  models.common.Conv                      [128, 256, 3, 2]              
  6                -1  3    625152  models.common.C3                        [256, 256, 3]                 
  7                -1  1   1180672  models.common.Conv                      [256, 512, 3, 2]              
  8                -1  1   1182720  models.common.C3                        [512, 512, 1]                 
  9                -1  1    656896  models.common.SPPF                      [512, 512, 5]                 
 10                -1  1    131584  models.common.Conv                      [512, 256, 1, 1]              
 11                -1  1         0  torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample    [None, 2, 'nearest']          
 12           [-1, 6]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 13                -1  1    361984  models.common.C3                        [512, 256, 1, False]          
 14                -1  1     33024  models.common.Conv                      [256, 128, 1, 1]              
 15                -1  1         0  torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample    [None, 2, 'nearest']          
 16           [-1, 4]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 17                -1  1     82688  models.repc3.RepC3                      [256, 128, 1, 0.5]            
 18                -1  1    147712  models.common.Conv                      [128, 128, 3, 2]              
 19          [-1, 14]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 20                -1  1    296448  models.common.C3                        [256, 256, 1, False]          
 21                -1  1    590336  models.common.Conv                      [256, 256, 3, 2]              
 22          [-1, 10]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 23                -1  1   1182720  models.common.C3                        [512, 512, 1, False]          
 24      [17, 20, 23]  1     16182  models.yolo.Detect                      [1, [[10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23], [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119], [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326]], [128, 256, 512]]

Model Summary: 271 layers, 7014134 parameters, 7014134 gradients, 15.8 GFLOPs

运行后若打印出如上文本代表改进成功。

六、YOLOv5n改进工作

完成二后，在YOLOv5项目文件下的models文件夹下创建新的文件yolov5n-repc3.yaml，导入如下代码。

# Parameters
nc: 80  # number of classes
depth_multiple: 0.33  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.25  # layer channel multiple
anchors:
  - [10,13, 16,30, 33,23]  # P3/8
  - [30,61, 62,45, 59,119]  # P4/16
  - [116,90, 156,198, 373,326]  # P5/32

# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
backbone:
  # [from, number, module, args]
  [[-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]],  # 0-P1/2
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],  # 1-P2/4
   [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],  # 3-P3/8
   [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],  # 5-P4/16
   [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]],  # 7-P5/32
   [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
   [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]],  # 9
  ]

# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
head:
  [[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat backbone P4
   [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]],  # 13

   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat backbone P3
   [-1, 3, RepC3, [256, 0.5]],  # 17 (P3/8-small)

   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat head P4
   [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]],  # 20 (P4/16-medium)

   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat head P5
   [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]],  # 23 (P5/32-large)

   [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]],  # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
  ]


                 from  n    params  module                                  arguments                     
  0                -1  1      1760  models.common.Conv                      [3, 16, 6, 2, 2]              
  1                -1  1      4672  models.common.Conv                      [16, 32, 3, 2]                
  2                -1  1      4800  models.common.C3                        [32, 32, 1]                   
  3                -1  1     18560  models.common.Conv                      [32, 64, 3, 2]                
  4                -1  2     29184  models.common.C3                        [64, 64, 2]                   
  5                -1  1     73984  models.common.Conv                      [64, 128, 3, 2]               
  6                -1  3    156928  models.common.C3                        [128, 128, 3]                 
  7                -1  1    295424  models.common.Conv                      [128, 256, 3, 2]              
  8                -1  1    296448  models.common.C3                        [256, 256, 1]                 
  9                -1  1    164608  models.common.SPPF                      [256, 256, 5]                 
 10                -1  1     33024  models.common.Conv                      [256, 128, 1, 1]              
 11                -1  1         0  torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample    [None, 2, 'nearest']          
 12           [-1, 6]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 13                -1  1     90880  models.common.C3                        [256, 128, 1, False]          
 14                -1  1      8320  models.common.Conv                      [128, 64, 1, 1]               
 15                -1  1         0  torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample    [None, 2, 'nearest']          
 16           [-1, 4]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 17                -1  1     20864  models.repc3.RepC3                      [128, 64, 1, 0.5]             
 18                -1  1     36992  models.common.Conv                      [64, 64, 3, 2]                
 19          [-1, 14]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 20                -1  1     74496  models.common.C3                        [128, 128, 1, False]          
 21                -1  1    147712  models.common.Conv                      [128, 128, 3, 2]              
 22          [-1, 10]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 23                -1  1    296448  models.common.C3                        [256, 256, 1, False]          
 24      [17, 20, 23]  1      8118  models.yolo.Detect                      [1, [[10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23], [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119], [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326]], [64, 128, 256]]

Model Summary: 271 layers, 1763222 parameters, 1763222 gradients, 4.2 GFLOPs

运行后打印如上代码说明改进成功。

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